Illustrated manuscripts were made in ancient China, Egypt, Greece, and Rome. Historical foundations Manuscript design in antiquity and the Middle AgesĪlthough its advent as a profession is fairly recent, graphic design has roots that reach deep into antiquity. Similarly, the evolution of the printing process is discussed in this essay as it relates to developments in graphic design for a complete history, see printing. Typography is discussed in this essay as an element of the overall design of a visual communication for a complete history, see typography. By the turn of the 21st century, graphic design had become a global profession, as advanced technology and industry spread throughout the world. The profession expanded enormously, and graphic designers created, among other things, magazine pages, book jackets, posters, compact-disc covers, postage stamps, packaging, trademarks, signs, advertisements, kinetic titles for television programs and motion pictures, and Web sites. Throughout the 20th century, the technology available to designers continued to advance rapidly, as did the artistic and commercial possibilities for design. Dwiggins coined the term graphic design to identify the emerging field. Increasingly, over the course of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, advertising agencies, book publishers, and magazines hired art directors who organized all visual elements of the communication and brought them into a harmonious whole, creating an expression appropriate to the content. New production methods led to the separation of the design of a communication medium (e.g., a poster) from its actual production. In the late 19th century, graphic design emerged as a distinct profession in the West, in part because of the job specialization process that occurred there, and in part because of the new technologies and commercial possibilities brought about by the Industrial Revolution.
As printing and book production developed in the 15th century, advances in graphic design developed alongside it over subsequent centuries, with compositors or typesetters often designing pages as they set the type. Graphic design has been practiced in various forms throughout history indeed, strong examples of graphic design date back to manuscripts in ancient China, Egypt, and Greece. The evolution of graphic design as a practice and profession has been closely bound to technological innovations, societal needs, and the visual imagination of practitioners. Graphic design is therefore a collaborative discipline: writers produce words and photographers and illustrators create images that the designer incorporates into a complete visual communication. An important part of the designer’s task is to combine visual and verbal elements into an ordered and effective whole. Sometimes graphic design is called “visual communications,” a term that emphasizes its function of giving form-e.g., the design of a book, advertisement, logo, or Web site-to information. Graphic design, the art and profession of selecting and arranging visual elements-such as typography, images, symbols, and colours-to convey a message to an audience. SpaceNext50 Britannica presents SpaceNext50, From the race to the Moon to space stewardship, we explore a wide range of subjects that feed our curiosity about space!.Learn about the major environmental problems facing our planet and what can be done about them! Saving Earth Britannica Presents Earth’s To-Do List for the 21st Century.Britannica Beyond We’ve created a new place where questions are at the center of learning.100 Women Britannica celebrates the centennial of the Nineteenth Amendment, highlighting suffragists and history-making politicians.
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